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President Hichilema Already declared assets – Mulilo

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President Hichilema Already declared assets – Mulilo

The Attorney General, Mulilo Kabesha, has clarified that President Hakainde Hichilema, has already fulfilled the constitutional requirement of declaring assets before taking part in the 2021 general elections.

In a statement made available to ZANIS, Mr Kabesha says the Zambian Constitution does not mandate a sitting President to make continuous asset declarations beyond the election cycle.

He added that before contesting the 2021 general elections, the Head of State fully complied with the legal requirement to declare his assets and liabilities, as stipulated in Article 100(1) (h) of the Constitution.

“The law is clear that such declarations are only required before a candidate can contest in an election, and Mr Hichilema had already fulfilled this obligation in 2021,” added Mr Kabesha.

He added that the Constitutional Court clarified that the Presidential continuous asset declarations beyond the election cycle, is not yet enforceable due to the absence of supporting legislation.

Mr Kabesha was responding to media reports arising from some members of the public and politicians demanding that President Hichilema should publicly declare his assets and liabilities.

Government Addresses High Cost of Living, Media Conduct, and Opposition Criticism

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Government Addresses High Cost of Living, Media Conduct, and Opposition Criticism

Hon. Cornelius Mweetwa, Zambia’s Minister of Information and Media and Chief Government Spokesperson, yesterday held a press briefing to address critical national issues, including the high cost of living, media professionalism, and recent criticisms from opposition parties and religious leaders. The briefing underscored the government’s commitment to addressing economic challenges while calling for civility and accountability in public discourse.

High Cost of Living and Energy Crisis
Minister Mweetwa acknowledged the severe impact of the high cost of living on Zambians, attributing part of the crisis to the recent drought that has strained the nation’s resources. He assured citizens that the government is working tirelessly to mitigate the situation.

On the energy front, the Minister provided a glimmer of hope, stating that load shedding—a persistent issue for households and businesses—is expected to diminish by June 2025. He explained that this timeline is based on the three-month period required for water to flow from the Zambezi Basin to Kariba Dam, which is critical for hydroelectric power generation.

Media Regulation and Professionalism
The Minister addressed the contentious issue of media regulation, emphasizing the government’s expectation for professionalism and balance from media organizations. He specifically called out the Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA) Zambia, urging the organization to maintain objectivity in its advisory role.

“Government has no intention of gagging the media,” Mweetwa stated, “but we will not tolerate unprofessional conduct.” He singled out The Mast newspaper, accusing it of peddling falsehoods and demanding an apology for misleading the nation.

In a move to foster dialogue, the Ministry of Information announced plans to convene a meeting with media owners and stakeholders, including MISA, to address concerns about unethical practices and deliberate misinformation. The Minister reiterated the government’s openness to either statutory or self-regulation, depending on the media’s preference.

Response to Opposition Criticism
The briefing also touched on recent threats of civil disobedience by opposition political parties. Minister Mweetwa appealed to opposition leaders, including Mr. Harry Kalaba and Mr. Raphel Nakachinda, to refrain from using insulting language toward President Hakainde Hichilema and to engage in issue-based politics.

“It is political irresponsibility for the opposition to threaten civil disobedience,” Mweetwa said, warning against actions that could incite anarchy. He called for unity and constructive dialogue, emphasizing the importance of maintaining peace and stability in the country.

Church and Government Relations
Responding to recent criticisms from Auxiliary Bishop George Lungu of Chipata, Minister Mweetwa reaffirmed the government’s recognition of the church as a key development partner. However, he clarified that Bishop Lungu’s attacks on the government were made in his individual capacity and did not represent the broader church’s stance.

Looking Ahead
The press briefing highlighted the government’s efforts to navigate complex economic and social challenges while calling for accountability and professionalism across all sectors. As Zambia continues to grapple with the aftermath of drought and economic pressures, the government’s ability to foster collaboration and maintain public trust will be critical in the months ahead.

Mulungushi Textiles Nears Operational Resumption as Machine Testing Commences

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Mulungushi Textiles Nears Operational Resumption as Machine Testing Commences

Kabwe’s historic Mulungushi Textiles Limited (ZCMT) is on the brink of a significant revival, with machine testing almost underway – a process expected to last fewer than 20 days – marking the final phase before full-scale operations resume. This is a signal to the revitalizing of a sophisticated retail network.

Economic Revitalization and Job Creation

The reopening of Mulungushi Textiles is poised to invigorate Zambia’s economy, particularly benefiting the cotton industry. The factory’s revival is anticipated to create approximately 500 direct jobs and numerous indirect employment opportunities, thereby revitalizing the once vibrant town of Kabwe.

The Cotton Board of Zambia has lauded this initiative, emphasizing its potential to enhance cotton value addition and improve rural livelihoods. The board’s Chief Executive Officer, Sunduzwayo Banda, highlighted that the textile sector’s revival is crucial for job creation and should be prioritized within Zambia’s manufacturing landscape.

Strategic Partnerships and Modernization

In collaboration with Qingdao Ruichang Industrial Tech Company Limited, the government has embarked on an ambitious plan to modernize Mulungushi Textiles. This partnership encompasses renovating existing structures, constructing new production facilities, and installing state-of-the-art equipment. The first batch of machinery has already arrived, underscoring the project’s momentum.

Boost to the Cotton Industry

The factory’s revival is expected to significantly bolster the domestic cotton industry. By providing a reliable market for cotton farmers, particularly in Central Province, the operationalization of Mulungushi Textiles will stimulate agricultural productivity and contribute to rural development.

Government Initiatives and Economic Diversification

The Zambian government has demonstrated unwavering commitment to economic diversification and industrialization. Finance Minister Situmbeko Musokotwane announced incentives to boost the cotton industry as part of the 2024 national budget, reflecting the administration’s dedication to revitalizing the cotton value chain.

A New Era for Mulungushi Textiles

As machine testing progresses, the anticipation for Mulungushi Textiles’ full operational resumption grows. This development symbolizes a pivotal moment in Zambia’s industrial landscape, promising economic growth, job creation, and enhanced livelihoods for countless citizens.

By Adrian Gunduzani

Three Fined for Creating Fake ZNBC Facebook Page to Publish Seditious Content

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Three Fined for Creating Fake ZNBC Facebook Page to Publish Seditious Content

The Lusaka Magistrate Court has fined three men for creating a fake Facebook page under the name “ZNBC TOP STORIES ONLINE NEWS” to publish seditious content.

Alick Sakala, 21, Chimango Luhanga, 25, and Samuel Mwene, 23, were convicted by Magistrate Constance Kansakala on four counts, including using insulting language, sedition, and identity-related crimes.

Sakala and Luhanga were each fined K10,000 or face six months imprisonment, while Mwene was fined K2,400 or serve six months in jail.

The trio, who were arrested in December 2024, received their sentences after the court considered their youthful age and remorse for their actions. However, Magistrate Kansakala emphasized that their punishment should serve as a deterrent to other youths who abuse cyberspace.

According to the charges, Sakala circulated insults on the page between January 21 and February 29, 2024. Additionally, between January 4, 2019, and February 29, 2024, he processed and used another person’s identification to insult or annoy individuals via traffic data.

During the same period, Sakala, Luhanga, and Mwene jointly created the fake ZNBC page, using it to spread seditious content. Furthermore, Luhanga was found guilty of processing and using another person’s identity to insult or annoy people via traffic data.

The case highlights growing concerns over cybercrime and misuse of online platforms in Zambia, with authorities warning that offenders will face legal consequences.

FAZ Suspends Referee Joseph Kalunga for Poor Officiating

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FAZ Suspends Referee Joseph Kalunga for Poor Officiating

The Football Association of Zambia (FAZ) has suspended FIFA Referee Joseph Kalunga for the remainder of the season following his performance in the Week 26 MTN Super League match between Atletico Lusaka and FC Muza. The game, which ended in a 2-1 victory for the hosts at Nkoloma Stadium, was marred by controversial officiating decisions.

FAZ General Secretary Reuben Kamanga announced the decision, stating that the suspension was based on a recommendation from the Technical and Match Review Committee of the Referees Department. The committee, which consists of esteemed FIFA and CAF instructors and assessors, reviewed video footage of the match and found Kalunga’s officiating to be substandard.

“A video clip in which Mr. Kalunga awarded a penalty to MUZA FC during their match against Atletico Lusaka on Saturday, March 1, 2025, was forwarded to the Technical and Match Review Committee of the Referees Department,” said Kamanga. “The committee determined that Kalunga was incorrect in awarding the penalty, among other contested decisions that ultimately led to crowd disturbances.”

Kamanga emphasized that FAZ remains committed to maintaining high refereeing standards, especially as the league enters its decisive phase.

“At this stage of the league, we will only assign referees who demonstrate a commitment to upholding fair play and high officiating standards. We cannot allow repeated poor officiating to tarnish the integrity of our beautiful game,” he added.

Kalunga becomes the second high-profile referee to be suspended this season. Earlier, Shem Nyondo was suspended following his officiating in the Week 17 fixture between Kabwe Warriors and Nkana Football Club on December 18, 2024, at the Godfrey Ucar Chitalu Stadium in Kabwe.

FAZ continues to enforce stringent measures to ensure fairness and professionalism in Zambian football officiating.

It May Not End Well: Tensions Escalate as UPND Cadres Confront Vlogger Simon Mwewa Lane

Lusaka Times Editor
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It May Not End Well: Tensions Escalate as UPND Cadres Confront Vlogger Simon Mwewa Lane

By Amb. Emmanuel Mwamba

In the bustling streets of the city and Soweto markets, Simon Mwewa Lane, popularly known as Chitambala Mwewa, has become a constant and controversial figure. Armed with a live mobile phone perched on a selfie stick, he films the daily chaos around him, exposing the rot, confusion, and illegal activities that plague the Central Business District (CBD) and surrounding areas.

While his work is seen as brave by many, Mwewa’s recent clashes with UPND cadres have taken a dangerous turn. Known as the number one vlogger for President Hakainde Hichilema, Mwewa has long enjoyed a sense of protection, even accompanying the presidential entourage on local trips. However, this perceived insulation from harm is now being tested.

Today, tensions reached a boiling point when a group of UPND cadres confronted Mwewa at the market. Words were exchanged, and the encounter quickly escalated into a heated altercation. Loud shouts and angry cries filled the air as Mwewa, himself a UPND cadre, stood his ground. The cadres reiterated their threats to physically assault him and burn down the Simoson Building, a controversial property owned by Mwewa’s father, which houses shops and offices.

The confrontation has left many wondering about the true nature of the conflict. Is this a genuine fallout between Mwewa and his fellow party members, or is it a staged attempt to cleanse his dented reputation? Mwewa, who has long been seen as a vocal supporter of the UPND, now finds himself at odds with the very cadres he once stood alongside.

This is not the first time Mwewa has faced such threats. a few moons ago, he had a nasty encounter with the cadres, he went live on his Facebook page, breaking down in tears and declaring, “I give up.” This moment of vulnerability shocked his viewers, many of whom have followed his fearless exposés for years.

Despite his emotional plea, the threats against Mwewa and his family’s property continue to loom large. His situation highlights the dangers faced by those who dare to expose wrongdoing in a volatile political climate.

These fights with the so-called “angels” may not end well. For Simon Mwewa Lane, the future remains uncertain, and the risks he faces are growing by the day.

Government Sprays Lime Over 100-Kilometer Stretch of Kafue River to Curb Acid Contamination

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Government Sprays Lime Over 100-Kilometer Stretch of Kafue River to Curb Acid Contamination

Authorities have sprayed lime over a 100-kilometer stretch of the Kafue River to neutralize acid plumes and prevent further contamination.

Fisheries and Livestock Minister Peter Kapala confirmed the development, stating that the acid plumes were detected between Ngabwe and Mumbwa districts. The contamination has been traced back to Sino Metal Tailings in Chambeshi, located in the Copperbelt Province.

In an interview with ZNBC News, Mr. Kapala explained that a coordinated response involving the Zambia Air Force, Zambia Police, and the Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA) is underway to mitigate the environmental impact.

The operation has deployed three Zambia Air Force planes and boats to distribute lime, particularly in areas where the river’s current is stronger. Efforts will continue tomorrow, focusing on the swamps and riverbanks where the water flow is slower, allowing for more effective treatment.

Authorities remain on high alert as they work to contain the pollution and safeguard communities that rely on the Kafue River for water and fishing.

Zambia Intensifies Efforts to Combat Cholera Outbreak

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Zambia Intensifies Efforts to Combat Cholera Outbreak

Minister of Health, Hon. Dr. Elijah Muchima, MP, has reaffirmed the government’s commitment to tackling the ongoing cholera outbreak, emphasizing the need for sustained vigilance even after the crisis subsides.

Dr. Muchima underscored the importance of clean water and proper hygiene in preventing further infections. He reported two new cases from Kanyama on February 26, both linked to a funeral, with one additional death—a 9-year-old from the same household—under investigation. An additional case was recorded in Chililabombwe, bringing the cumulative total to 301 cases. No new deaths have been reported in the past 24 hours.

Since the outbreak began, Zambia has recorded nine deaths and 289 recoveries, with three patients still receiving treatment. Dr. Muchima highlighted the government’s ongoing response, including the provision of essential medical supplies and the establishment of Oral Rehydration Points (ORPs) to manage cases efficiently.

He also praised the success of recent vaccination campaigns in Nakonde, Chililabombwe, and Kitwe, which have significantly reduced the number and severity of cholera cases. Over 1.2 million doses of the cholera vaccine remain available for further deployment.

As cholera is primarily waterborne, Dr. Muchima urged the public to drink only clean water, practice regular handwashing, and seek immediate medical attention if symptoms appear. He concluded with a call for collective action to eliminate cholera-related deaths, stressing the need for community cooperation in preventing future outbreaks.

Zambia Sees Decline in Maternal and Newborn Mortality, Survey Finds

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Zambia Sees Decline in Maternal and Newborn Mortality, Survey Finds

Zambia has recorded a significant decline in maternal and newborn mortality rates, according to the 2024 demographic survey, marking a step forward in the country’s ongoing efforts to improve maternal health.

Dr. Kennedy Lishimpi, the Permanent Secretary for Technical Services at the Ministry of Health, announced that maternal deaths have decreased from 278 per 100,000 live births in 2018 to 195 in 2024. Newborn mortality has also seen a notable reduction, dropping from 27 per 1,000 live births to 17 over the same period.

Speaking at the launch of the University of Zambia and King’s College London Maternal Health Research Collaboration in Lusaka, Dr. Lishimpi highlighted the need to address hypertensive conditions in pregnant women as a crucial factor in sustaining progress.

The collaboration between the two institutions has played a vital role in advancing maternal health research. Professor Bellington Vwalika of the University of Zambia emphasized the success of the decade-long partnership with King’s College London, noting its contributions to research and capacity building in the field.

While Zambia’s maternal and newborn mortality rates remain a concern, the latest figures signal improvement and reinforce the importance of continued investment in healthcare and research.

17 Cattle Die After Drinking Contaminated Water in Mumbwa

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17 Cattle Die After Drinking Contaminated Water in Mumbwa

Seventeen cows have died after drinking contaminated water near Bubanii Resources Limited and Ozone mines in Mumbwa District, officials have confirmed.

Central Province Permanent Secretary Dr. Milner Mwanakampwe reported that 14 cattle perished after consuming water contaminated with cyanide following a spillage near Bubanji Mine. The animals are believed to have drunk the polluted water from a natural grazing area.

Meanwhile, Mumbwa District Commissioner Namukolo Hayumbu stated that efforts to neutralize the contamination began yesterday, with experts closely monitoring the situation.

In a related incident, three additional cattle died after a tailings dam at Ozone Mine burst, releasing effluent into nearby cattle drinking ponds. However, Dr. Mwanakampwe assured that natural water bodies have not been affected, as the spilled tailings have been treated to prevent further environmental damage.

The government is also taking measures to prevent pollution from spreading to the Kafue River, which could threaten wildlife in the Kafue National Park. Authorities have advised residents in Kashiya, under Chief Mwinuna’s chiefdom in Ngabwe District, against consuming water from the river, locally known as Luwishi River.

Farmers in the affected areas have been instructed to keep their livestock away from the contaminated water sources until the situation stabilizes. The government continues to monitor developments closely.

Bravo police spokesman Rae Hamoonga!

Chief Editor
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Bravo police spokesman Rae Hamoonga!

Yesterday, we wrote about the plight of a woman who was recently arrested and detained by the police for allegedly assaulting someone. When the husband went to sign the police bond for her, he was asked to pay K400 for reams of paper by some officers.

When the matter was brought to our attention, we immediately called the police spokesman, Ray Hamoonga to alert him about the same. Mr. Hamoonga wasn’t a let down; he in turn called the relevant authorities in the jurisdiction in question.

Praise be to God, the lady was released on police bond Sunday otherwise she could’ve remained in custody till Monday. How do you keep someone with a breastfeeding baby in custody for three days?

This morning we had a fruitful meeting with the top police command. An inquiry has since been launched, we expect some heads to roll.

The President is working around the clock to resuscitate the economy which was destroyed during the Patriotic Front (PF) misrule, and further exacerbated by the ongoing war in Ukraine as Commonwealth Secretary, General Patricia Scotland has rightly put it. We therefore don’t expect anyone to rob our people of the little they have to their names, particularly in the shanties.

Bravo to Mr. Ray Hamoonga for being down to earth and maintaining an open door policy! He chose to pick up our call on a Sunday when he should have been resting and did the needful. My his shoulders be adorned with more decorations in years to come.

Prince Bill M Kaping’a
Political/Social Analyst

Bally, the Bweengwa Herder Who Became the 7th President of Zambia

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Bally, the Bweengwa Herder Who Became the 7th President of Zambia

By Field Ruwe EdD

Press freedom means giving the media the right to say what they want, when they want and to whom they want. Hakainde Hichilema

August 2021: “I stand before you today, humbled and filled with gratitude, for your trust in me a simple village boy who you have made the seventh president of the Republic of Zambia,” Hakainde Hichilema alias Bally, proclaimed, igniting a wave of excitement among the crowd. As he conveyed his aspirations for a transformative future, a fleeting yet palpable allure, regeneration, and motivation permeated the atmosphere.

To envision Hakainde Hichilema as a “simple village boy” who has built a pastoral way of life around cattle, fills the need for esthetic presentation, and offers a platform for cognizing his characteristics, perceptions, actions, and decision-making, so as to understand how he governs, relates to others, and how he handles his emotional experiences and rationalizes his actions.

In his fourth year, a beleaguered Hichilema finds himself metaphorically perched on a precarious balcony of authority, grappling with the overpowering odor of decaying meat, eggs, and fish emanating from faulty refrigeration systems in residences, butcher shops, and grocery stores. Before him, the traumatized victims of loadshedding struggle to preserve their food; they dry fish and suspend meat on lines in a desperate attempt to salvage what remains of their meals.
Why has Hichilema arrived at this point in his political endeavors? Why is he always feeling the need to be the only one who can solve all of Zambia’s problems?

Hakainde “Bally” Hichilema’s upbringing in a pastoral setting serves as a significant foundation for his later life. Born on June 4, 1962, in Bweengwa, a village inhabited by the Tonga people in Zambia’s Southern Province, Hichilema often reflects on his childhood experiences as a herd boy through posts on his Facebook page. He vividly recounts the adventurous and imaginative lives of herd boys, emphasizing their unwavering commitment to the family livestock, which is a crucial element of their family’s economic status.

The bushes of Bweengwa, a treacherous region of the Savannah, requires significant courage from herders to fend off some of the most lethal snakes, including black mambas, spitting cobras, and puff adders, as well as formidable predators such as lions, leopards, and hyenas. It was in such wastelands Hichilema was compelled to face his fears and manage his anxieties.

Psychological, and sociological findings show that cattle herders possess manly qualities that are invaluable to their families. Bravely is triggered by a sense of responsibility and a desire for family praise or village recognition. It is this that evokes the subconscious need to protect livestock regardless of the consequences.
Cultural psychologists, drawing from anthropological research on African pastoral societies, have established a connection between the psychological foundations of pastoral bravery and the cultural construct of the “hero complex” associated with honor. Psychologist Laura Berman Fortgang describes the hero complex as a feeling of always seeking praise.
For Hichilema as a herder, honor was intrinsically tied to his capacity to protect his livestock. His bravery was often motivated by a profound desire for recognition and praise. This, according to psychologists Yuichi Shoda and Walter Mischel, exhibits a remarkable consistency over time ultimately forming a distinctive behavioral pattern which is reflected even in adult life. For Hichilema, his herd boy upbring helps him to navigate his current adult life experience.
Further studies show that in adulthood, a herder with a hero complex often uses his name or nickname to shape his identity. This phenomenon, referred to as “normative determinism,” is exemplified in Hichilema’s adoption of the nickname “Bally,” which is reinforced by the UPND’s promotional slogan, “Bally Will Fix It.”

The slogan “Bally Will Fix It” induces a cognitive bias that leads Hichilema to overrate his own capabilities. It creates the perception that he is the only person equipped to address the myriad issues facing the nation. This implicit expectation associated with the slogan subconsciously persuades Hichilema to regard his purported “heroic actions” as vital and more significant than the valuable input that scholars and other competent Zambians can provide.
It is with the foregoing in mind that Hichilema, influenced by normative determinism shaped by underlying self-interest, charted a course for his own self-acclaim. As president, his ulterior efforts have been predominantly directed towards creating a singular legacy that he hopes will endure past 2026. In his effort to consolidate power, Hichilema has intentionally surrounded himself with political sycophants and loyal supporters from his ethnic group, rather than engage with seasoned intellectuals, experts, and professionals.

In his ongoing pursuit of affirmation and authority, manifested through apparent acts of heroism, Hichilema has skillfully created a void within his cabinet, transforming his ministers into superfluous civil servants resembling mannequins in a display window. Currently, he has assumed the role of self-designated minister for several key ministries, including mining, commerce, foreign affairs, and health.

Further, Hichilema has solidified his self-image as a heroic figure over the past three years by designating himself the title of Chief Marketing Officer. This assumption has facilitated numerous overseas “working” expeditions purportedly aimed at “strengthening bilateral relations” with industrious nations.
Accompanied by muted confidants, these abrupt tours of overseas industries that amount to more than 80 international trips at taxpayers’ expense are intended to convey the impression that Bally is a hard worker and a state builder. Conversely, the excursions end up exacerbating trade imbalances that disproportionately benefit the host nations.
It is clear that afflicted with the hero complex, Hichilema has taken on too much responsibility and is experiencing a significant amount of failure. Proof is in the pudding. According to the 2024 Afrobarometer survey conducted in Zambia, approximately 73% of the 1,200 adult respondents interviewed between July 8 and July 28, 2024, perceive the nation’s economic status as either “fairly bad” or “very bad.”

Furthermore, two-thirds (66%) of participants express similar sentiments regarding their personal living conditions. Also, the Zambian populace expressed dissatisfaction with the management of load shedding and the overall trajectory of the country. Overall, the findings suggest that a majority of Zambians feel their living standards have deteriorated in comparison to those in 2020.
The humble village boy, who commenced his tenure as the powerful custodian of the collective herd, has significantly fallen short of meeting his political promises. Despite achieving a measure of advancement, his efforts to create a new nation have predominantly been unproductive.

The shortcomings of the past three years are stark—persistent and catastrophic power shortages, a financially incapacitated state in which its assets are sold to foreign investors, a subpar education system that generates subpar degrees, widespread poverty that leaves many in despair, and a democracy that continues to deteriorate.
Zambian scholars and professionals consulted attribute Hichilema’s inadequate performance to a pronounced aspiration to be viewed as the sole savior of Zambia. They argue that his tendency to take on too many responsibilities has resulted in overextension. With fewer than two years left before the presidential election, Hichilema is deficient in both the energy and the time required to institutionalize or bureaucratize the process of innovative thinking. While he may argue that he is still in the process of laying the foundation, the urgency of time has outpaced his claims of success. Consequently, past failures are accumulating, and future expectations are steadily diminishing.

Can Hichilema still clinch a second term? Yes and no. There is a 60% chance that he might because we live in a mediocre society in which mediocrity is a norm. Our collective understanding of critical issues and the organizational frameworks that influence a nation’s development are notably lacking. The citizenry appears to struggle with self-motivation, having been conditioned to accept mediocrity, regardless of educational achievements or innate abilities. Hichilema’s initiatives, such as the elimination of school fees, the acquisition of a substantial IMF bailout, and the implementation of reduced taxes, have led many to see him as a superhero.

The 40% of him being voted out necessitates a transformative leader akin to “John F. Kennedy,” capable of motivating a whole country to consider their contributions to the nation rather than solely contemplating what the nation can provide for them. Currently, the opposition remains primarily influenced by the same long-standing politicians, who consistently underperform in elections.
Here is why it will be difficult to beat or remove Hichilema. Writing in the “Harvard Law Today,” Erin Peterson notes that when a president [with a hero complex] experiences failure he resorts to unwritten rules he thinks will consolidate his powers incrementally. In Hichilema’s case, his initial strategy has involved appointing individuals from his ethnic group to pivotal positions within the military, police, and judicial sectors. Additionally, he seeks to fragment opposition strength, dominate the media landscape, imprison those who voice dissent, and modify the constitution to align with his interests. To illustrate, I leave you with his own words.

“The country has failed to reach consensus on this very important national document [the constitution] over many years. As a country, therefore, we still need to reform our constitutional order. This government is committed to facilitate a least cost, efficient, and credible process [of constitutional reform] to address lacunae, omissions, or oversights in our constitution. After all, some lacunae can lead us to a situation where we could have no general election for eight years. That is not a joke. Yes, we could have no elections for eight or nine years.”
There, you have it. If he takes this route remove him by force.

Dr. Field Ruwe is affiliated with Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
© ZAMBIA DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE (USA) March 2025.

IMF Program Expires October 2025: What are its Achievements and Failures?

Chief Editor
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IMF Program Expires October 2025: What are its Achievements and Failures?

Time for Genuine Practical Home-Grown Solutions

By Mwansa Chalwe Snr
Zambia’s 38-month Extended Credit Facility (ECF) with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) of $1.3billion – later increased to $1.7 billion in June,2024 to address the devastating effects of drought attributed to climate change – was approved on August 31, 2022, and is set to expire on October 31, 2025. Given that the program is nearing its end, with only eight months to run, this article aims to provide an objective interim assessment of the program, focusing on its achievements and failures so far, which is 79% of the program period.

Zambia’s economy had been experiencing a decade-long decline from 2011 to 2021, due to mismanagement, which led to a surge in external debt exceeding 100% of GDP. This resulted in the country defaulting on its loan repayment in November 2020. The IMF was invited to help.

IMF Achievements
One of the most notable major achievements of the program was the agreement reached with Official Creditors and Bondholders to restructure Zambia’s debt in March 2024. The agreement provided significant debt service relief. This marked a crucial step towards restoring debt sustainability and improving Zambia’s economic outlook.
“The Country also made considerable progress in restructuring its debt, with close to 90 percent now restructured. The last part of the restructuring process is now to agree with commercial creditors such as development and Commercial banks. There has been a lot of progress there too,” IMF Resident Representative, Eric Lautier said in chat with this writer.

The Program’s other major achievement has been revenue mobilization. The IMF program reforms have resulted in improving tax administration and broadening the tax base. In 2020, ZRA collected K57.6 billion but, in 2024 revenue collection was K148.5billion.

These increases in revenue and the savings from reduced servicing of debt because of debt restructuring, which facilitated the recruitment of tens of thousands of teachers, health workers as well as fund increases in the allocation to the Constituency Development Fund (CDF) and the number of Social Cash Transfers recipients.
The program also resulted in the reduction of wasteful expenditure by eliminating unnecessary and inefficient spending, including reducing and minimizing non-essential travel and prioritization of essential and critical expenditure critical spending areas, such as education, healthcare, and social cash transfers.

The combination of improvements in revenue collection and the reduction of unnecessary expenditures, resulted in the reduction of the fiscal deficit from an average of 9% of GDP in the pre-program period to below 2.7% in 2024.
During the IMF Program, the Zambian government conducted various financial management reforms that strengthened public financial management and improved financial reporting, internal controls, and auditing to ensure accurate and reliable financial information which promoted transparency and accountability in public finances.
Zambia’s IMF Extended Credit Facility (ECF) program has also made significant strides in achieving macroeconomic stability in some metrics. The program has helped stabilize key macroeconomic indicators that were previously unstable or volatile.

Zambia’s foreign exchange reserves were also exceptionally low and declining before the program. At the end of December,2020, foreign reserves were a meagre US$1.20 billion, representing 2.4 months of import cover, but at the end of December,2024, Zambia’s Gross International Reserves reached $4.31 billion which is 4.6 months of import cover.
The IMF were a major influence in the Bank of Zambia’s implementation of the Export Proceeds Tracking Framework (EPTF). If it had not been for the IMF, Mining houses would have resisted the requirement that they start routing all their export earnings through local bank accounts, which was meant to promote transparency and facilitating a more comprehensive understanding of export proceeds and tracking of foreign exchange flows.
The first part of this article has shown that the IMF program has made considerable progress in achieving macroeconomic stability and fiscal discipline, demonstrating the government’s commitment to implementing reforms and maintaining fiscal prudence. It can certainly be lauded as a success from the IMF, Ministry of Finance and planning technocrats, Zambian foreign creditors, and investors’ point of view. The second part gives what critics of the Program believe are its failures.

Although the IMF has consistently maintained that Zambia’s economic program is homegrown and not imposed from Washington. This claim is disputed by many critics. In practice the IMF’s imposed conditions have tied the Zambian government’s hands, who have little freedom and flexibility to adjust policies that are not working or alter ineffective aspects of the program.

Monetary Policy and Liquidity Crunch

One notable example of the one size fits all approach is the IMF’s insistence on a rigid monetary policy framework which is aimed at reducing inflation through a liquidity squeeze and increasing the Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) and Statutory Reserve Ratios (SRR).This has drawn criticism from prominent Zambian economists like Professor Oliver Saasa and Dr. Lubinda Haabazoka.

“The solution to what we are having now is to grow the economy; not necessarily to fidget with the monetary policy instruments, not necessarily to raise the Statutory reserve ratio, not necessarily to raise the policy rate to make appetite to borrow lower. When you do that, then you are starving out the very actors that are fundamental to solving the problem that you think you are solving; you are starving the private sector,” Professor Saasa told News diggers in an interview.

As of September 1, 2021, the average commercial bank lending interest rate was 25.7%, with the Bank of Zambia’s policy rate at 8.5%. Fast forward to the end of 2024, and the Zambia’s policy rate has skyrocketed 14.5% and Bank lending rate to 28.730%, with some banks charging as high as 33%. Zambia’s high interest rates make it difficult for businesses and households to access credit thus restricting economic activities and job creation.

The exchange rate has not fared much better. In his 2022 budget speech, delivered in September 2021, the Finance and Planning Minister announced that the 2021 average Kwacha exchange rate to the dollar was K16.32. However, as of January 2025, the average exchange rate has risen to around K28, which is a depreciation of 71%.

Economic Growth and Job creation
The IMF supervised program has negatively impacted Zambia’s economic growth and job creation through its restrictive monetary policy, which has limited access to capital for private sector expansion. While the drought and power cuts have undoubtedly contributed to the low economic growth, the IMF program has made a tough situation worse. The numbers do not lie. Consider these GDP growth figures: 2021(5.8%); 2022 (5.2%); 2023 (4.7%) and forecast for 2024 (1.2%). The trend has been that of dropping growth rates since the IMF Program started. The IMF Program has certainly not promoted economic activity and job creation, and there is empirical evidence to support that.

“The private sector health in Zambia declined. Business conditions continued to see deterioration because of the reduction in money supply and the depreciation of the Kwacha, which have negatively impacted demand. Money shortages crippled new orders and forced cutbacks in output, employment and purchasing activity. Stanbic Purchasing Manager Index (PMI) reported in 2024. “Zambian companies recorded the fastest decrease in output since February 2021.”
Petroleum Sector reforms, Cost of Living, and business
The liberalization of Zambia’s petroleum sector, driven by IMF reforms, has had a disastrous impact on the economy so far. Petrol and diesel prices have skyrocketed by over 100% since the program’s inception, significantly increasing the cost of living and doing business. Fuel costs trickle down to affect every aspect of the economy, thus undermining the IMF’s stated goals of fighting against inflation and promoting growth. The evidence is overwhelming and reflected in the soaring prices of mealie meal, fuel, electricity, transport, and other commodities.
The reforms privatized the petroleum sector and led to risk of energy insecurity, corruption, and shortages. And the Petroleum Sector is foreign denominated who externalize their profits. Zambians are few in the sector. This new policy has even been criticized by the President of the Oil marketing Association of Zambia (OMCAZ) – a Private Sector organisation – Dr. Kafula Mubanga who has urged government to partially participate in the sector.

“Let us give the government a 50 percent, let us give 50 percent to the private owners. So, we need to create a balance. The trend of multinationals is always on their way towards election years, they tend to twist governments. You will have a problem towards the last year of elections because most of those players are going to withhold products, said Dr Kafula in an interview with News diggers Newspaper in 2024.

Governance and reduction of Corruption
There are some analysts who believe that one of the key shortcomings of the IMF’s Extended Credit Facility (ECF) program in Zambia is the limited impact of its governance and anti-corruption pillar. The program’s governance pillar is aimed at strengthening institutions, increasing transparency, promoting accountability, and fighting corruption.
It is argued that while the IMF has published reports highlighting the government’s efforts to combat corruption, such as the Access to Information Bill and the planned amendments of the anti-corruption law to be submitted to parliament in March 2025, the practical realities on the ground tell a different story, public perception remains deeply skeptical, as allegations of corruption continue unabated. Corruption allegations continue to plague the country, casting a shadow over the program’s effectiveness despite Transparency International’s recent report of slight improvement in Corruption index. The News diggers Newspaper’s editorial reflects public sentiment.

“The concentration is on past corruption, involving those who previously served in government. It must be demonstrated that his administration is tackling corruption within his own administration. It is not enough to address the sins of the past; the government must also confront corruption in its present form”, News diggers Newspaper which is alleged to be a sympathiser of the current administration wrote in its editorial of 28th January 2028. “Without addressing graft within its ranks, the UPND risks falling into the same patterns that plagued its predecessors. The fight against corruption cannot be judged by intentions alone, by actions on the weak members of society or the opposition. It must be measured by tangible outcomes from serving government.”

The challenge lies in changing most of the public’s perception that corruption is still rampant. It is essential to demonstrate a genuine commitment to fighting corruption, without sacred cows or selective prosecution.
According to Transparency Corruption Index (CPI), Zambia’s score increased from 37 in 2023 to 39 in 2024, ranking 92 out of 180 globally.
“In 2024, Zambia’s CPI score increased from 37 to 39, ranking 92 globally. Zambia’s CPI score currently ranks above the Africa average of 32 but below the global average of 43 with 91 countries performing better than Zambia in the fight gains corruption,” Transparency International Zambia (TI-Z) Advocacy, Policy, and Research Coordinator Bright Mazonde said.
Should the IMF Program be Extended?
At the moment it is not known whether the Zambia IMF Program would be extended. Program extension is a contentious issue. According to IMF Resident Representative Eric Lautier: ” On the Program extension, it is not for us to comment on this but for the authorities to decide.”
Finance Minister Dr. Situmbeko Musokotwane has hinted at the extension of the Program to facilitate further concession borrowing from the International Monetary Fund’s Resilience Facility Fund (RSF). This was during the World Bank and IMF annual meetings in Washington last year. He said that the government is in talks with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to secure additional financing under its Resilience and Sustainability Trust (RST) which is a 20-year loan programme designed to assist countries in building climate resilience and ensuring sustainable growth. The facility’s core condition is for a country to have an existing IMF Program with a minimum of 18 Months to run.

“We are talking to the management so that we can expedite this as quickly as possible. Anything that helps to bring more concessional money, in other words cheap money, repayable over a longer period, is helpful,” Musokotwane told Bloomberg. “There is a possibility that we ask for an extension of the programme.”

On the other hand, many enlightened Zambians believe that the IMF has already achieved its key objectives, including stabilizing the economy and facilitating Zambia’s debt restructuring. The extension of the program will result in the continuation of compromising Zambia’s economic sovereignty which limits its economic policy space to create jobs and bring the cost of living and doing business down without foreign undue influence from the IMF.

It is crucial that the Zambian authorities weigh the potential benefits against the potential costs and risks including political. They should consider the long-term implications for Zambia’s economic sovereignty and sustainable growth, when making their decision whether to extend the Program and request an additional IMF loan under its Resilience and Sustainability Trust (RST), which is a 20-year loan program.

Conclusion
The major criticism of the IMF is its one-size-fits-all approach in some of its policy reforms which failed to address some of Zambia’s unique economic challenges during the Program duration. This has led to perceptions that the IMF’s policies are overly rigid and disconnected from ordinary Zambians’ unique economic needs, consequently, exacerbate their economic hardships.

Further, Zambian IMF critics have argued that its approach to reforms is hypocritical, pushing for extreme market liberalization and subsidy removals, despite Western countries having implemented protectionist policies when they were at the same stage of Zambia’s development. The US and Europe, for instance, still provide subsidies to strategic industries including agriculture, defence and clean energy projects.
There are two solutions that will transform Zambia’s economy which the World Bank and IMF have long ignored in their programs. One is the elimination and consolidation of most of the excessive regulations, and the multitude of licences that restrain and suffocate private sector growth. Two, the reduction of the informal sector that is 90% of the economy. Just these two home-grown solutions will change Zambia’s economic landscape within two years like it did to Brazil between 2003 to 2012.

The writer is a Chartered Accountant, Author and an independent financial analyst and Economic Commentator.

Zambians await affirmative on floods

Chief Editor
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Zambians await affirmative on floods

It is commendable that fresh from his tour of duty in Egypt, President Hakainde Hichilema went straight to appreciate the impact of flooding in some parts of the capital city.It was not the first time President Hichilema was touring flooded areas of the capital city.He did so a few months after assuming office.

The visit to flooded areas was significant in view of some citizens’ concerns that the President was absent at a time when the country was drowning in floods. I think people are within their rights to expect the Head of State to be present during this unfortunate crisis. Critics argued that his leadership was needed during this time more than ever as so many families are affected.And the President was magnanimous in his response to his critics by touring some of the flooded areas.

President Hichilema did the same about two years ago in the company of some Cabinet ministers, DMMU officials, Lusaka City Council management and defence and security personnel. Following the visit, the country was expecting an anti- flood master plan.But as soon as the rains subsided, the presidency seemingly retreated to default settings.With the country undergoing a dry spell last year, the issue of flooding did not appear on any development plan.So, even as we prayed for rains last year when it appeared the country was headed for another dry spell, we forgot to secure the flood prone areas.
God, in His infinite mercy, has heard our prayers and it has been raining cats and bulldogs.

Now, the country has more water than it bargained for and the flood prone areas are reeling under floods.Since most areas of Lusaka started flooding, there has been debate regarding the solution.Some schools of thought are blaming engineers for not offering solutions to the flooding.However, Engineering Institute of Zambia president Wesley Kaluba told News Diggers that the floods currently being experienced in Lusaka are not driven by engineering problems, but lawlessness because people erected structures in areas where water was supposed to discharge.True to Mr Kaluba’s sentiments, the solution to the flooding crisis starts with citizens doing correct things. The floods are an indictment of the country’s failed country and town planning practices. There is a master plan sitting on shelves at the council and other government departments, why is it not being followed?

Local authorities have allocated plots in unsuitable areas; citizens have built over natural drains; they are engaging in unsuitable building practices such as excessive fencing and overpaving; approval of area non-appropriate development plans; areas marked for development are not being serviced with appropriate services such as roads and drainages; and many other affronts of infrastructure development.

Zambians also need a mindset change as a people and stop some practices that only worsen things such as indiscriminate dumping of waste into drainage systems.Given the status of flooding in the country, especially Lusaka, one would have expected constituencies to apply part of the Constituency Development Funds in working on drainages.

The Disaster Management and Mitigation Unit on the other hand should have ensured that it has contracts with the Zambia National Service and the Zambia Army throughout the year dealing with drainages in hotpots. But the use of DMMU, CDF, and defence personnel is a reactive band-aid to a problem the country has created and needs to sort out before it experiences bigger man-made disasters such as infrastructure damage and outbreak of diseases.The sustainable solution to this crisis requires re-planning of our city and building the required drainages that will ensure effective flow of water.

In addition a sustained programme that will ensure these drainages are always ridden of any debris that may cause any blockages. The work for cash programme can help ensure our drainages are free from any debris.The other intervention is to do with mind-set change to ensure members of the community refrain from indiscriminately throwing garbage in these drainages as blocked drainages are likely to lead to flooded communities whenever there is a heavy downpour like we have witnessed in the past few days.

And President Hichilema is determined to act and put an end to all this.After he visited flood-affected areas in Lusaka to understand the challenges citizens are facing, President Hichilema sent a message of condolences to families who have lost loved ones and sympathized with those displaced from their homes. “This new challenge stems from decades of poor urban planning, which we must now face together. We are committed to addressing this challenge even if it means making bold decisions,” he said

He has promised to drain Lusaka and whoever has built on the drainage system will be relocated and compensated accordingly.President Hichilema has urged fellow political leaders to join him, putting aside politics for the sake of our people.The nation awaits affirmative action.

By Benedict Tembo

Kanyembo’s inspiring journey to protecting Zambia’s wildlife

Chief Editor
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Kanyembo’s inspiring journey to protecting Zambia’s wildlife

Law Enforcement Advisor for Conservation South Luangwa (CSL) Benson Kanyembo is an example of dedication, leadership, and resilience in the fight to protect Zambia’s wildlife.

Kanyembo’s remarkable journey—from a village scout to celebrated conservation leader—is a story of hope and inspiration, and a reminder of the transformative power of hard work, commitment, and wider recognition from international events including the Tusk Conservation Awards.

Tusk is an international charity that partners with more than 60 Africa-based and African-led conservation organisations in 23 countries across the continent.

Kanyembo’s story is one of perseverance and passion. Starting his career as a carrier, he worked his way up to become head ranger at CSL, where he now oversees 117 community-supported rangers and leads innovative initiatives to combat poaching and human-wildlife conflict.

The 54-years-old’s leadership has not only transformed CSL but has also earned him regional recognition, including roles as chairperson of the Zambian chapter of the Game Rangers Association of Africa and representative for rangers at international fora.

In 2019, he won the Tusk Wildlife Ranger Award, becoming only the second Zambian to do so.

In 2020, Kanyembo won two prestigious awards – the African Ranger Award sponsored by Alibaba Foundation and Paradise Foundation. He also scooped the first runner-up Best Game Ranger – Rhino Conservation Award.

“It was an honour to win – I think it has helped a lot of people to see that regardless of your background and where you’ve come from, people will still look at your work and recognize what you are doing,” sats Kanyembo, who boasts of 31 years in resources protection.

Kanyembo’s work with the team at Conservation South Luangwa preserves the biodiversity and natural heritage of Zambia’s South Luangwa region. The organisation takes a broad approach.

It is a partner to government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and research institutions, jointly working towards the responsible and sustainable use of natural resources.

Its rangers patrol to monitor the wildlife, conduct anti-poaching operations, and help restore habitat. The team actively engages communities in South Luangwa through education, capacity building, and sustainable tourism initiatives, empowering communities to continue to be the best stewards of Zambia’s natural environment while improving their livelihoods and resilience to challenges including climate change.

One of Kanyembo’s proudest achievements, together with the human wildlife co-existence team, is the growth of the South Luangwa Rapid Response Unit (RRU), a team dedicated to addressing human-wildlife conflict. The RRU, which includes community scouts and government wildlife officers, operates a 24/7 hotline for locals to report incidents, from elephant raids to crocodile attacks.

“At CSL we work hand in hand with the community, demonstrating practical approaches to mitigate human-wildlife conflict, using smelly fences made from petrol, onion, garlic, rotten eggs, which repels the elephants, polywire solar fences, and planting chillis,” Kanyembo explains.

“But protecting our natural resources is a shared responsibility, people know that we scouts can’t be everywhere so instead of expecting us to do everything, we urge everyone to stand up and contribute actively to conservation.”

By Benedict Tembo

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